Insights
The American arts sector is a $1.17 trillion economic engine. It outpaces agriculture, mining, and transportation in its contribution to GDP. It supports 5.4 million jobs and accounts for 4.2% of the entire economy.
The average state invests $2.02 per person to support it.
An analysis of fiscal year 2025 state arts agency data from the National Assembly of State Arts Agencies (NASAA), cross-referenced with the Bureau of Economic Analysis's Arts and Cultural Production Satellite Account, shows a wide state-by-state divide in how America funds its creative sector – and a gap between what states spend and what they get back.
Here are the highlights.
The Highest and Lowest Spenders
Hawaii leads the nation at $11.18 per person, driven by a small population and a strong state commitment to cultural preservation and tourism-linked arts programming. Minnesota, long considered a national leader in arts funding, holds its position at over $10 per person, backed by broad public support for the state's cultural institutions.
Missouri's jump to #3 reflects an 83.8% year-over-year funding increase – the largest of any state in FY2025 – driven largely by $43.5 million in line item appropriations for specific cultural institutions and capital projects, including $9.7 million for the City of Springfield Art Museum.
Mississippi's appearance in the top 10 may come as a surprise. At $3.38 per capita, it outspends California ($0.83), Texas ($0.47), and Illinois ($2.74) per person.
Top 10 States by Per Capita Arts Funding (FY2025)
Rank
State
Per Capita
FY2025 Appropriation
YoY Change
1
Hawaii
$11.18
$16,050,597
+0.3%
2
Minnesota
$10.16
$58,321,000
+5.7%
3
Missouri
$8.79
$54,437,132
+83.8%
4
Delaware
$5.72
$5,906,800
+21.1%
5
Maryland
$5.54
$34,250,622
-0.9%
6
New York
$4.46
$87,283,651
-20.7%
7
New Jersey
$4.42
$41,055,000
-10.3%
8
Massachusetts
$3.83
$26,850,000
+3.7%
9
Mississippi
$3.38
$9,943,577
-5.3%
10
Utah
$3.17
$10,835,100
+46.6%
At the other end, the numbers are stark.
Georgia, the 8th most populous state and home to one of the world's largest film and television industries, allocates just 14 cents per resident to its state arts council. That's $1.59 million for a state of 11 million people.
Georgia does support its entertainment sector through other channels, most notably its film tax credit program, which offers productions up to 30% in tax incentives and has helped make the state one of the top filming locations in the world. But those credits flow through the Department of Economic Development, not the Georgia Council for the Arts, and they primarily benefit large-scale commercial productions rather than community-level arts programming.
Wisconsin, home to the Milwaukee Art Museum and a vibrant independent arts scene, spends just 18 cents per person. Arizona, after slashing its arts budget by 60% this year, now allocates 27 cents per resident.
Bottom 10 States by Per Capita Arts Funding (FY2025)
Rank
State
Per Capita
FY2025 Appropriation
YoY Change
41
Kansas
$0.52
$1,521,173
+49.0%
42
Arkansas
$0.48
$1,470,904
+3.2%
43
Idaho
$0.48
$933,400
-5.0%
44
Texas
$0.47
$14,319,358
+0.1%
45
Louisiana
$0.46
$2,112,377
0.0%
46
West Virginia
$0.46
$811,500
0.0%
47
Kentucky
$0.41
$1,833,500
-0.3%
48
Arizona
$0.27
$2,000,000
-60.0%
49
Wisconsin
$0.18
$1,083,000
+0.5%
50
Georgia
$0.14
$1,587,150
+1.3%
18 States Are Cutting Arts Funding in 2025
Nationally, total state arts appropriations fell 8.1% from FY2024 to FY2025, dropping from $755 million to $694 million. While some of this reflects the phaseout of one-time pandemic-era appropriations in states like New York and Illinois, 18 states entered FY2025 with reduced arts budgets. These are the eight steepest cuts:
State
FY2024
FY2025
Change
Arizona
$5,000,000
$2,000,000
-60.0%
Illinois
$65,480,400
$34,397,526
-47.5%
Florida
$55,652,101
$30,670,843
-44.9%
Alabama
$11,509,197
$8,158,074
-29.1%
New York
$110,105,000
$87,283,651
-20.7%
California
$39,344,000
$32,392,000
-17.7%
Connecticut
$8,227,477
$6,908,696
-16.0%
New Jersey
$45,780,000
$41,055,000
-10.3%
Arizona's 60% cut - from $5 million to $2 million - is the steepest in the nation, continuing a pattern of one-time allocations that were never intended to be permanent. Illinois's 47.5% headline drop is somewhat misleading: it primarily reflects the wind-down of a $50 million capital fund rather than cuts to the agency's baseline programming, which increased.
Florida's cut is the most impactful in real terms. The state's total arts agency appropriation fell by $25 million, and over 97% of its remaining $30.7 million budget is earmarked as pass-through line items for specific entities - leaving just $742,293 in flexible funding for the state arts agency itself. For a state of 22.6 million people, that comes to about 3 cents per person for discretionary arts funding.
On the other end, several states made meaningful increases: Missouri (+83.8%), Colorado (+61.8%), Kansas (+49.0%), Utah (+46.6%), Oregon (+33.7%), Alaska (+31.4%), and Michigan (+25.8%).
What States Get Back
A note before the numbers: state arts agency budgets are only one piece of how a state supports its creative economy. Tax credits, tourism budgets, economic development programs, and private investment all play a role. The ratios below are illustrative, not causal - they show how large a state's arts economy is relative to its direct arts agency funding, not that one caused the other.
With that context, cross-referencing state funding with the BEA's Arts and Cultural Production Satellite Account reveals a pattern worth paying attention to: states that invest the least per capita in the arts often sit on top of the largest arts economies relative to their spending - not because underfunding works, but because their creative sectors have grown despite minimal public support.
State
FY2025 Funding
Arts Economic Value (2023)
Ratio
Arts % of GDP
Georgia
$1,587,150
$31.2 billion
19,669:1
3.8%
Wisconsin
$1,083,000
$12.4 billion
11,487:1
2.9%
Washington
$7,803,000
$79.0 billion
10,123:1
9.8%
California
$32,392,000
$288.9 billion
8,919:1
7.5%
Arizona
$2,000,000
$15.8 billion
7,902:1
3.0%
The Biggest Arts Economies by State
Washington state's arts sector contributes 9.8% of total state GDP - nearly double the next closest state.
State
Arts % of State GDP
Arts Value Added (2023)
Washington
9.8%
$79.0 billion
New York
7.6%
$164.7 billion
California
7.5%
$288.9 billion
Nevada
5.1%
$12.4 billion
Connecticut
4.0%
$13.9 billion
Massachusetts
4.0%
$29.7 billion
Tennessee
4.0%
$21.2 billion
Washington's share is driven primarily by publishing and retail industries, including major tech publishers and Amazon's creative commerce ecosystem. New York and California are powered by entertainment, broadcasting, and information services. Nevada's creative economy is anchored by performing arts, events, and entertainment promoters - a direct extension of the Las Vegas ecosystem. Tennessee's 4.0% share reflects Nashville's outsize influence as a music industry hub.
At the other end, Delaware (1.2%), West Virginia (1.5%), and Mississippi (1.8%) have the smallest arts economies as a share of GDP.
The Bigger Picture
The disconnect between state arts investment and economic return tells a clear story: America's creative economy generates enormous value with very little public support. The national average of $2.02 per person represents just 0.049% of state general fund spending.
States that do invest in the arts - like Minnesota, Hawaii, and Maryland - are not doing so at the expense of other priorities. They're placing small bets on a sector that consistently punches above its weight in jobs, tourism, economic development, and quality of life.
For states at the bottom of the rankings, the $1.17 trillion national economic footprint speaks for itself. The question is whether those states are capturing the full economic potential of their creative sectors - or leaving growth on the table.
Methodology
This analysis draws on three primary public data sources:
State arts funding data is from the National Assembly of State Arts Agencies (NASAA) FY2025 State Arts Agency Revenues Report, published February 2025. Appropriations figures include line items unless otherwise noted. Data reflects enacted budgets as surveyed between October and December 2024 and may not reflect mid-year adjustments.
Arts economic impact data is from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) Arts and Cultural Production Satellite Account (ACPSA), released April 2, 2025, with data for calendar year 2023. Note that some supporting industries - particularly publishing and information services - include tech-adjacent activities that extend beyond traditional definitions of "arts and culture."
Population data is from the U.S. Census Bureau's 2024 Annual Estimates of the Resident Population (July 2024 vintage).
Per capita arts funding was calculated by dividing each state's FY2025 total legislative appropriation (including line items) by its 2024 Census population estimate. ROI ratios were calculated by dividing each state's 2023 BEA arts and cultural value added by its FY2025 state arts agency appropriation. These ratios are illustrative rather than causal. State rankings exclude U.S. territories and the District of Columbia.
Note: A full 50-state ranking table is available upon request
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